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Syrol Specifications

Active Component:

  • Syringaldehyde; Syringic aldehyde; 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde

  • Calcium

  • Biotin

 

Form:
Syrol comes as a light brown powder to be added at 100mg to 400mg per serve of finished product. This performance ingredient is certified and guaranteed in purity using Fourier Transform (Infra-Red) Raman Spectroscopy. It imparts a maple and woody taste profile.

 

Recommended Application:

  • 100mg - 400mg per serve of finished product (do not exceed recommendations)

    • Resistance training or endurance training (muscle sparing)

    • Anabolic

 

Research Highlights:

  • Inhibits muscle protein breakdown

  • Protects against hyperglycemia

  • Increases insulin sensitivity

  • Promotes translocation of GLUT4 to increase muscle energy availability

  • Promotes wound healing

  • Neuroprotective, protective against neuronal oxidative stress

  • Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

 

Permissible Label and Advertising Claims Under FSANZ:

  • Necessary for normal muscle function

  • Contributes to normal fat metabolism and energy production

  • Contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system

 

Research Details:

Syringaldehyde is an aromatic component of hibiscus, maple and spruce. It has been demonstrated to increase cellular glucose utilisation as a result of the upregulation of GLUT4 glucose transporters, increasing the uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and the preference for metabolism of glucose over storage (Kuo, Chung, Huang, & Cheng, 2014). This effect is induced as a result of syringaldehyde’s ability to increase sensitivity of the insulin receptor to insulin, thus increasing downstream effects including activation of ATF4 (increasing amino acid uptake/synthesis and decreasing muscle catabolism), anabolic inhibition of muscle proteolysis, and promotion of wound healing (Adams, 2007; Fryburg, Jahn, Hill, Oliveras, & Barrett, 1995; Fujita, Glynn, Timmerman, Rasmussen, & Volpi, 2009; Timmerman, Lee, Fujita, Dhanani, Dreyer, Fry, & Volpi, 2010; Ferrando, Chinkes, Wolf, Matin, Herndon, & Wolfe, 1999; Zhang, Chinkes, Wolf, & Wolfe, 1999; Huang, Chen, Chung, & Cheng, 2012).

 

Further, syringaldehyde decreases liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, the rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis) expression, and as a result directly counteracts diabetic phenotypes (Kuo, Chung, Huang, & Cheng, 2014). 

 

Syringaldehyde also exhibits neuroprotective effects, particularly against stroke, by increasing the tactivity of superoxide dismutase and thus decreasing oxidative damage and increasing protection of neurons against apoptosis (Bozkurt, Mustafa, Tarık, Adile, Murat, Mesut, & Murat, 2014). Further, syringaldehyde is able to bind directly to Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha and Interleukin-6 and inhibit the activity of both, behaving as an anticatabolic agent in muscle in this regard (Shahzad, Mateen, Kausar, Naeem, Hasan, Abidi, & Moin, 2020; Reid, & Li, 2001).

 

References:

Adams, C. M. (2007). Role of the transcription factor ATF4 in the anabolic actions of insulin and the anti-anabolic actions of glucocorticoids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(23), 16744-16753.

 

Bozkurt, A. A., Mustafa, G., Tarık, A., Adile, O., Murat, S. H., Mesut, K., & Murat, C. (2014). Syringaldehyde exerts neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia injury in rats through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. Neural Regeneration Research, 9(21), 1884.

 

Ferrando, A. A., Chinkes, D. L., Wolf, S. E., Matin, S., Herndon, D. N., & Wolfe, R. R. (1999). A submaximal dose of insulin promotes net skeletal muscle protein synthesis in patients with severe burns. Annals of surgery, 229(1), 11.

 

Fryburg, D. A., Jahn, L. A., Hill, S. A., Oliveras, D. M., & Barrett, E. J. (1995). Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I enhance human skeletal muscle protein anabolism during hyperaminoacidemia by different mechanisms. The Journal of clinical investigation, 96(4), 1722-1729.

 

Fujita, S., Glynn, E. L., Timmerman, K. L., Rasmussen, B. B., & Volpi, E. (2009). Supraphysiological hyperinsulinaemia is necessary to stimulate skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older adults: evidence of a true age-related insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism. Diabetologia, 52(9), 1889-1898.

 

Kuo, S. C., Chung, H. H., Huang, C. H., & Cheng, J. T. (2014). Decrease of hyperglycemia by syringaldehyde in diabetic rats. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 46(01), 8-13.

 

Reid, M. B., & Li, Y. P. (2001). Tumor necrosis factor-α and muscle wasting: a cellular perspective. Respiratory research, 2(5), 1-4.

 

Shahzad, S., Mateen, S., Kausar, T., Naeem, S. S., Hasan, A., Abidi, M., & Moin, S. (2020). Effect of syringic acid and syringaldehyde on oxidative stress and inflammatory status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients of myocardial infarction. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 393(4), 691-704.

 

Timmerman, K. L., Lee, J. L., Fujita, S., Dhanani, S., Dreyer, H. C., Fry, C. S., & Volpi, E. (2010). Pharmacological vasodilation improves insulin-stimulated muscle protein anabolism but not glucose utilization in older adults. Diabetes, 59(11), 2764-2771.

 

Huang, C. H., Chen, M. F., Chung, H. H., & Cheng, J. T. (2012). Antihyperglycemic effect of syringaldehyde in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of natural products, 75(8), 1465-1468.

 

Zhang, X. J., Chinkes, D. L., Wolf, S. E., & Wolfe, R. R. (1999). Insulin but not growth hormone stimulates protein anabolism in skin wound and muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism, 276(4), E712-E720.

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